ᓄᑖᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᓕᐅᑎᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓕᕐᑑᒃ ᐱᐊᕃᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕐᑕᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᓄᓐᖓ ᐃᖃᓗᒻᒧᑦ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖑᓕᕋᓗᐊᕐᑎᓗᒋᒃ ᑭᑎᑦᔪᑎᓄᐊᖓᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᖏᑦ, ᐅᓇ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖑᓕᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᒍᑎᖏᑦ. ᕿᒧᑦᓰᑦ, ᐃᓕᓵᓂᒃ ᐁᑦᓯᕋᐅᑎᒃ, ᖁᓕᒥᒎᓕᒃ/ᖁᓛᒻᒥᒎᓕᒃ. ᑲᒧᑎᑲᓪᓚᒃ/ᓯᑭᑑᖅ, ᐃᑯᐊᓚᔪᕐᓂᐊᑎ, ᖃᔭᖅ ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᒍᑎᐅᒍᓐᓇᑐᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᐅᓚᒍᑏᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᔨᓯᒪᓕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖃᓐᖏᑐᓂᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᓕᓐᓄᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᑦ, ᓯᑕᒣᓐᖑᐊᕌᓘᓕᕐᓱᑎᒃ, ᐃᓕᓴᐅᑎᑦᓴᓯᐊᑦ ᐱᐊᕃᑦ ᑕᑦᓰᓚᕿᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᕐᓯᖏᑦᑑᒍᑕᐅᒍᓐᓇᓱᑎᐊᓪᓛᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓯᑕᒣᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓛᕐᓂᐊᑐᑦ ᒪᓐᓂᓕᐅᑦ (ᔫᓂᐅᑉ) ᓄᓐᖑᐊᓂ 2013-ᒥ. →
ᐃᓅᓯᕆᓯᒪᔭᖓ ᐃᓄᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓱᓂ ᒪᙯᑦᑎᐅᓱᓂ, ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᖁᑎᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᓯᕗᓕᕐᑎᐅᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒥᓂ, ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᕐᓱᓂ ᑕᓯᐅᕐᑎᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂᒋᐊᖅ ᖄᖏᕐᓯᒪᓕᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᑦᓱᕈᕐᓇᑑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᓯᐅᓂᐅᓯᒪᔪᑎᒍᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑭᐅᑎᓯᒪᑦᓱᒍ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐹᖅ ᓄᓇᑖᕈᑎᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᖏᕈᑎ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
New issue of Tumivut is now available. Nunavimmi Unikkaatuat, Nunavik Legends, Légendes du Nunavik
A total redesigned edition of this book first published in 2008, with many new artworks. The publication of Tivi Etok’s interviews and stonecuts is a valuable source of wisdom and teaching, worthy of close examination. Inuit and Non-Inuit will find in these pages the story of a courageous and artistic life, and a model for …
“With the seasons” exhibition catalog, presented at the McClure Gallery of the Visual Arts Centre from May 6 to 28, 2022. Curator: asinnajaq. Featuring artists: Aisa Alaasuaq Koperqualuk, Joe Talirunili, Jobie Qavavauq, Lucy Aullaq Uppattisiaq Weetaluktuk, Naluturuk Weetaluktuk, The Ivujivik Collective (Louisa Kanarjuaq, Passa Mangiuk, Qumaq M. Iyaituk, Lyne Bastien), Thomassie Mangiok, Tuumasi Kudluk and …
ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓇᖁᓇᕐᑐᐃᑦ 154 ᖁᑉᐱᒉᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ ᓇᓗᓀᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᕕᖏᑦ ᓴᕐᖀᒋᐊᓪᓚᓂᖅ: ᐸᑎᕐᑎᒐᖅᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ (2014-2019) ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᔫᓂᒃ Musée d’art de Joliette 2021-ᒥ, ᐃᓚᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ 63-ᓂᒃ ᓇᑎᑦᓴᔭᓂᒃ ᐸᑦᑎᑎᒐᓕᐊᒍᑎᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᑦᓱᑎᒃ 26-ᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᒥᓇᕐᑐᓕᐅᕐᑎᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᕕᒻᒦᓚᐅᔫᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᓖᓴ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᐊᓗᒻᒥᒃ ᐅᖄᔨᒋᔭᐅᑎᓗᒍ, ᑐᑭᓯᓇᕐᑎᓯᔨᒥᓪᓗ ᓕᓐ ᐸᔅᑎᐊᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐱᕐᓲᔭᕐᓂᖃᕐᑎᓗᒍ ᓯᕗᓕᕐᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐅᓖᕕᐊ ᓓᔭ ᑑᒪᓯᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑐᑭᓯᓇᕐᑎᓯᔩᓐᓄᑦ ᒫᑭ ᓇᐹᕐᑐᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖁᒪᖅ ᒪ. ᒪᖏᐅᖅ.
This book highlights the extraordinary diversity of country foods of marine origin that are traditionally and currently consumed by the Inuit of Kangiqsujuaq and Ivujivik. More importantly, it highlights the capacity for Nunavimmiut to adapt to their environment and the importance of actively promoting the integration of organisms from the sea, notably the smaller ones …
This book presents an exhaustive summary of the study carried out on the katajjaniq, following the designation of this practice as the first element of Quebec’s intangible heritage.
Personal names are very important in Inuit identity. There are many kinds of names: first names, middle names, given names, names, of your sauniq, or sauniit, since there are often more than one sauniq given to a person. In recent years, a variety of non-Inuit names were given to children, and several people have been …
Je veux que les Inuits soient libres à nouveau Dans cette autobiographie traduite de l’inuktitut au français, Qumaq porte sur le monde qui l’entoure, un regard personnel et réfléchi qui enregistre les grands changements du 20e siècle. Du tournage du film mondialement connu de Robert Flaherty, Nanook of the North, aux échos de la Deuxième …
The Reverend Edmund James (E.J.) Peck (1850–1924) played a leading part, on behalf of the Church Missionary Society, in the conversion of the Inuit in northeast Canada at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. Peck’s importance as a missionary was well acknowledged during his lifetime. In 1904, for example, …
ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᑦᔨᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖓ ᑯᐯᑉ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓂ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓈᓕᕐᑑᒃ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᒥ. ᓴᕐᕿᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᐱᐅᓰᑦ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓈᒍᓐᓀᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ ᓱᑲᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᑦᔪᑎᒋᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᒥᑭᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᒐᔭᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓐᖏᒪᕆᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑐᐸᑦᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕋᑦᑕ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᑲᕙᒪᒃᑯᓂ ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐱᐅᓯᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᐱᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᑲᒪᓯᒪᔪᑦᓴᐅᓱᑎᒃ ᐯᕆᑦᓯᒐᔭᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓂᒃ ᓯᕗᓂᑦᓴᑎᓐᓂ. ᑕᒫᓂᓕ ᐊᖏᓐᖏᓇᑦᑎᒋᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᓇᑦᑎᒍᓪᓗ.
ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓕᐅᕐᑐᕕᓃᒃ : Jenneth Curtis and Pierre M. Desrosiers (ᔨᐊᓂᔅ ᑰᑎᔅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᔦᕐ ᑎᕉᓯᔦ) ᐅᔭᕋᕐᓂᒃ ᓛᐸᑐᐊᔨᒥᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᐅᕙᑦᑐᕕᓂᓕᕆᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᕙᓪᓚᑕᐅᓯᒪᓕᕐᖁᖅ ᑐᓂᕐᑕᓂᐊᕐᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᔨᑲᐅᑉ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᑕ ᐅᐊᓐᓂᖓᓂ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᑕᐅᓴᓐᑎᐅᓈᕐᑎᑐᓂ ᑭᓛᒥᑕᓂ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᓱᓂ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᑐᑭᓯᓐᓇᓯᐊᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᑦᔭᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓕᐊᖑᕙᑦᑐᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ. ᓇᑯᕐᒦᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓯᓚᐅᔪᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐱᓯᑎᐅᕕᓕᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᐅᖄᒻᒪᑦ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᓴᓇᒻᒪᖓᑕ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᓯᒪᔭᖓᑕᓗ ᓱᑯᐃᔭᕐᑕᐅᒪᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᔭᕃᓪᓗ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᓐᖏᑐᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᑕᐅᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᑐᕐᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᖁᓪᓕᓴᔭᕐᓂᐊᕖᑦ/ᐅᔭᕋᕐᓂᐊᕖᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᔭᕃᑦ ᓛᐸᑐᐊᔨᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᑕᐅᕙᓐᓂᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᕐᖄᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᔨᑲᐅᑉ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓂᒥᐅᓄᑦ. …
ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖃᐅᑎᒃ ᐊᕙᑎᓗ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᕐᑐᓘᓃᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᕐᑕᓕᒃ. ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐯᕆᑦᓯᔨᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᓕᒫᒥᓗ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᑦ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᑯᓂᖓ ᐃᓚᓖᑦ : ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᖏᑦ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᑐᙯᑦ ᐱᐅᓂᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᐱᐅᓐᖏᓂᖃᕐᓱᑎᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᓐᖏᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᕐᑕᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᕙᓚᐅᕐᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂᒋᐊᖅ. ᐊᑐᓂᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒋᐊᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᓐᓂᑑᑎᓂᓪᓗ ᓱᖃᑦᓯᑎᑦᓯᒍᓯᕐᓂᒃ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᐊᕈᓰᑦ, ᐊᒡᒐᒧᑦ ᐃᓂᕐᓯᓃᑦ, ᐃᓐᖏᓗᑦᑖᓃᑦ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓕᐅᕐᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ ᐊᑎᖁᑏᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓯᒪᔪᕕᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᕐᑎᕆᖃᑕᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᑖᑦᓱᒧᖓ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᒧᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᑲᓪᓚᐅᕗᑦ : ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂ ᓯᕗᓕᕐᑏᑦ, ᐯᕆᑦᓯᔩᑦ, ᐊᖓᔪᕐᖄᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᑯᓪᓗ ᑲᖐᒋᔭᖃᕐᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐱᐊᕃᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᒋᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. …
ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖃᐅᑎᒃ ᐊᕙᑎᓗ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᕐᑐᓘᓃᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᕐᑕᓕᒃ. ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐯᕆᑦᓯᔨᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᓕᒫᒥᓗ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᑦ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᑯᓂᖓ ᐃᓚᓖᑦ : ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᖏᑦ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᑐᙯᑦ ᐱᐅᓂᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᐱᐅᓐᖏᓂᖃᕐᓱᑎᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᓐᖏᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᕐᑕᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᕙᓚᐅᕐᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂᒋᐊᖅ. ᐊᑐᓂᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒋᐊᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᓐᓂᑑᑎᓂᓪᓗ ᓱᖃᑦᓯᑎᑦᓯᒍᓯᕐᓂᒃ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᐊᕈᓰᑦ, ᐊᒡᒐᒧᑦ ᐃᓂᕐᓯᓃᑦ, ᐃᓐᖏᓗᑦᑖᓃᑦ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓕᐅᕐᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ ᐊᑎᖁᑏᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓯᒪᔪᕕᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᕐᑎᕆᖃᑕᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᑖᑦᓱᒧᖓ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᒧᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᑲᓪᓚᐅᕗᑦ : ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂ ᓯᕗᓕᕐᑏᑦ, ᐯᕆᑦᓯᔩᑦ, ᐊᖓᔪᕐᖄᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᑯᓪᓗ ᑲᖐᒋᔭᖃᕐᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐱᐊᕃᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᒋᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. …
ᐊᕐᕌᒍᕐᓂ 100-ᐅᓈᕐᑎᑐᓂ, 1000-ᐅᓈᕐᑎᖏᒃᖑᑎᒃ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓈᔅᑳᐲᓪᓗ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᑖᕐᕕᓴᑐᐊᖃᕐᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᐅᖓᕙᐅᑉ ᑎᑭᕋᖓᓐᓂᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᒍᒪᕙᓪᓗᓲᕕᓃᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᐱᒥᐅᑕᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᒨᕐᐸᓂᕐᒥᔫᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᑐᑦᑐᓯᐅᕈᒪᓕᕋᒥᒃ. ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂᐊᓗᒋᐊᖅ ᑐᑦᑐᐃᑦ ᓅᓕᕋᒥᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓘᕙᓐᓂᒪᑕ ᓈᔅᑳᐲᑦ ᑕᕐᕋᒧᑦ ᓄᕿᑎᕐᑕᐅᓚᕿᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᕿᓂᒋᐊᒥ ᓇᐹᕐᑐᓕᒻᒥᐅᔭᐅᒐᓗᐊᕐᓱᑎᒃ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᑦ ᐃᓗᕐᖁᓯᖃᖃᑎᒌᓐᖏᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᒃᑯᓯᐊᖅ ᐃᓅᒐᓱᐊᕈᓯᓕᕕᓃᑦ ᐱᓕᐅᑦᔨᔪᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᒥᐅᔦᑦ ᒥᕐᖁᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᓯᕐᕕᐅᓂᕆᓲᖏᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓯᖁᑦᑎᕆᓐᖏᓂᖓᓂ. ᑖᕙᑦᓱᒪᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᑐᐊᓗᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᐊᓗᖃᕋᓗᐊᕐᑎᓗᒍ, ᑲᒻᐸᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᑦᔭᓗᑳᓂ ᓇᑉᐯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᓯᕐᕕᓂᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓕᕐᑕᓕᓐᓂᒃ, ᐱᒋᐊᕐᐸᓕᐊᕌᐱᑦᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ 1800 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᖃᒥᐅᑎᓗᒋᑦ. ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐹᒥ ᑲᒻᐸᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕐᕕᒋᒍᒪᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔭᖓ ᓵᒪᓐᓂᐊᕕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᒥᕐᖁᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᓕᑲᑦᑕᖃᕈᒪᓯᓐᓂᒥᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᒥᐅᑦ …
ᑐᒥᕗᑦ ᐅᑎᕐᐳᖅ! ᖁᓕᓪᓗ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓘᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᕐᓂ ᓄᕐᖃᖓᓕᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ, ᑐᒥᕗᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᐅᑎᑦᓴᕋᑕᕐᖁᖅ, ᓄᑖᒻᒪᕆᐅᓕᕐᓱᓂ ᐃᓄᑦᑎᑑᑐᐃᓐᓇᑐᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᒍᓐᓀᓱᑎᓗ ᐊᓪᓚᓯᒪᔪᕐᑕᓕᐅᕈᓯᖏᑦ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᒦᑦᑐᑦ: ᔮᓂ ᐃᓄᑉᐸᐅᑉ ᐊᐅᓚᔨᔭᖏᑦ, ᑲᐅᑦᔭᔪᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᖅ, ᑐᑭᓯᓐᓇᓯᐊᕐᑐᖅ ᑐᓴᕐᑎᓯᐅᑎᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓴᐅᓪᓗᒑᒃ ᖁᑭᐅᑏᒃ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ, ᐊᓯᒋᒻᒥᔭᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᑦᑎᑑᕐᓂᒨᓕᖓᔪᑦ, ᒥᐊᔨ ᐸᓂᖓᔭᖅ ᐊᓚᑯ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕐᑎ/ᑕᑯᒥᓇᕐᑐᓕᐅᕐᑎ, ᕿᑐᕐᖓᓕᕆᒍᓰᑦ, ᑐᓂᕐᑕᓂᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᐃᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᒥᒃ ᐃᓂᓪᓓᔪᕕᓂᖅ: ᔮᓂᔅ ᑯᔩ.
Caribou antler, serpentine, steatite, muskox horn and hair. Out of such materials Mattiusi Iyaituk and Lucassie Echalook shape the gestures of human, animal and shaman, evoking the quotidian stories, myths and dreams of the Inuit culture of Nunavik. The sculptural works of these two renowned Inuit artists, featured in this exhibition, Ullumimut — Between tradition …
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᖅ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᖏᓂᕐᓴᒧᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᐅᒐᓱᐊᕐᒥᔪᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᐅᑉ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᓯᒪᔭᖓᑕ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᑕᐅᒍᓯᖓᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᕐᕈᓯᑐᖃᑦᓴᔭᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᐅᓯᖏᓪᓗ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᐅᓯᕗᑦ. ᒪᕐᕉᓂ ᑕᕐᖀᓂ, ᓖᓴ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᐊᓗᒃ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᕆᐊᕐᑐᓯᒪᓚᐅᔪᕗᖅ ᐊᕙᑎᑦ ᒪᕐᕈᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᒻᒪᕆᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᐊᑦᓯᓱᓂ ᒪᓕᒐᐅᕙᑦᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᕙᓐᓂᕕᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᑦ ᓭᒪᖃᑦᑕᐅᑎᒍᓯᕕᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᐅᓯᐅᕙᑦᑐᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᓇᓪᓕᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓭᒪᓂᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᓯᖁᑦᑎᕆᑐᐊᕐᒪᑕ, ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᑕᒪᑐᒨᓇ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒃ, ᐊᐅᒃᑲᐅᑎᐅᑉ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔭᖓ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑑᑎᓚᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᓕᒫᑲᓵᓄᑦ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᔭᐅᔪᖅ. ᐃᓕᒃᑰᑐᖅ ᑭᑎᑦᔪᑎᒻᒪᕆᒃ ᐅᖄᕗᖅ ᐊᕐᓀᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᖃᑦᑕᑕᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᕈᑏᒃ ᑐᓴᕐᑎᓯᒍᑎᐅᒋᕘᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ …
ᑖᓐᓇ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᓴᕐᕿᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᔪᔪᖅ ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕗᒻᒥᐅᓅᓕᖓᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᓲᓄᑦ ᑲᖐᒋᔭᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᑦᓯᓕᐅᒥᒍᒪᒋᐊᒥᒃ ᐱᐅᓯᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᕙᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓛᐸᑐᐊᔨᐅᑉ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᐅᔪᓪᓗᑐᐊᓘᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᒐᑎᓪᓗ ᐅᑭᐅᕐᑕᑑᑉ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᖁᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᐃᓚᖃᕐᑐᖅ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓗᑭᓲᓂᒃ ᓀᓂᒥ ᑑᕐᙰᓗ ᖃᕐᖄᓗᖏᑦᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᖓᓐᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᐸᑦᑕᐅᖃᔭᓐᖏᓂᕐᓴᓂᒃ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᑦᓯᐊᓲᒍᓐᖏᑐᓂᓪᓗ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᐊᔪᒉᑦᑑᒍᑎᓕᒃ ᐃᓚᖃᕋᒥ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᐃᑦ ᐊᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑑᕐᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᓄᕐᓗ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓯᐅᕈᓯᐅᓲᒍᒻᒪᖔᑕ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖁᑎᓕᐅᕐᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒐᓂ ᓛᐸᑐᐊᔨᒥᐅᓅᓕᖓᔪᒥᒃ. ᖃᐅᔨᑎᑦᓯᒍᓗᑐᐃᓐᓇᓲᒍᓐᖏᑐᖅ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᕐᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᐃᑦ ᒥᑦᓵᓅᓕᖓᔪᓂᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᓲᓱᑦᓴᓯᐊᕐᑐᒪᕆᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖓᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᐅᓯᖏᓐᓂᓗ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓕᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ …
An Inuktitut-English Dictionary of Northern Quebec, Labrador and Eastern Arctic Dialects. About the Author Lucien Schneider
ᑖᓐᓇ ᓱᑯᐃᔦᓂᑎᒍᑦ ᓇᓗᓀᕐᓯᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᕕᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᔪᕕᓂᖅ ᑲᖏᕐᓱᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓂᓪᓚᖓᐅᓯᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᕐᔪᐊᒨᕐᑕᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ 1964-ᒥ ᒧᓐᑐᔨᐊᑉ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᕐᔪᐊᖓᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕇᒍᑎᑖᕈᑕᐅᒐᓱᐊᕐᓱᓂ. ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖃᕐᓱᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᑐᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ 1961-ᒥ 62-ᒥᓪᓗ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᕕᓂᖅ ᓇᓗᓀᕐᓯᔪᖅ ᐱᐅᔪᓪᓗᑐᐊᓗᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᐃᑕᔪᒃᑯᑦ, ᐱᐅᓯᕆᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᓯᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᓱᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓐᖏᓂᕐᐹᓯᐊᒍᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑯᐯᒻᒥ-ᓛᐸᑐᐊᒥ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᑭᓐᖒᒪᓇᕐᑐᓚᕆᒃ ᑐᑭᓯᒍᑕᐅᒍᓐᓇᕋᒥ ᓄᓇᕕᓕᒫᑦᓯᐊᒥᒃ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑑᓚᐅᔪᒐᓂ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑑᓕᕐᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᖅ; ᐅᐃᒍᐃᑎᑑᕐᑐᑕᖓᓗ ᐊᔪᒐᓚᑦᓱᓂ ᐱᒐᓱᒋᐊᒥᒃ; ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑑᕐᑐᖅ ᒫᓐᓇᐅᑎᓗᒍ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᕐᑎᑕᐅᓕᕐᑐᖅ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓕᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ Bernard Saladin d’Anglure (ᐱᕐᓈ) (1936- ) ᖃᐅᔨᒻᒫᕆᔭᐅᑦᓯᐊᓱᓂ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓱᑯᐃᔦᓂᑎᒍᑦ ᓇᓗᓀᕐᓯᔨᐅᕗᖅ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖃᑎᖃᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ …
ᑖᓐᓇ ᓱᑯᐃᔦᓂᑎᒍᑦ ᓇᓗᓀᕐᓯᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᕕᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᔪᕕᓂᖅ ᑲᖏᕐᓱᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓂᓪᓚᖓᐅᓯᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᕐᔪᐊᒨᕐᑕᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ 1964-ᒥ ᒧᓐᑐᔨᐊᑉ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᕐᔪᐊᖓᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕇᒍᑎᑖᕈᑕᐅᒐᓱᐊᕐᓱᓂ. ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖃᕐᓱᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᑐᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ 1961-ᒥ 62-ᒥᓪᓗ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᕕᓂᖅ ᓇᓗᓀᕐᓯᔪᖅ ᐱᐅᔪᓪᓗᑐᐊᓗᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᐃᑕᔪᒃᑯᑦ, ᐱᐅᓯᕆᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᓯᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᓱᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓐᖏᓂᕐᐹᓯᐊᒍᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑯᐯᒻᒥ-ᓛᐸᑐᐊᒥ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᑭᓐᖒᒪᓇᕐᑐᓚᕆᒃ ᑐᑭᓯᒍᑕᐅᒍᓐᓇᕋᒥ ᓄᓇᕕᓕᒫᑦᓯᐊᒥᒃ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑑᓚᐅᔪᒐᓂ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑑᓕᕐᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᖅ; ᐅᐃᒍᐃᑎᑑᕐᑐᑕᖓᓗ ᐊᔪᒐᓚᑦᓱᓂ ᐱᒐᓱᒋᐊᒥᒃ; ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑑᕐᑐᖅ ᒫᓐᓇᐅᑎᓗᒍ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᕐᑎᑕᐅᓕᕐᑐᖅ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓕᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ Bernard Saladin d’Anglure (ᐱᕐᓈ) (1936- ) ᖃᐅᔨᒻᒫᕆᔭᐅᑦᓯᐊᓱᓂ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓱᑯᐃᔦᓂᑎᒍᑦ ᓇᓗᓀᕐᓯᔨᐅᕗᖅ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖃᑎᖃᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ …
Mitiarjuk Nappaaluk’s Sanaaq is an intimate story of an Inuit family negotiating the changes brought into their community by the coming of the Qallunaat, the White people. Composed in forty-eight episodes, it recounts the daily life of Sanaaq, a strong and outspoken young widow, her daughter Qumaq, and their small semi-nomadic community in northern Quebec. Here they live …
ᒪᙯᕕᒋᓲᑦᑕ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᑕᑯᓲᒍᖏᓐᓇᖁᒍᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕕᕕᓃᑦ ᓴᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᑐᓴᕐᓯᒪᔪᖓ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑎᓲᒍᓐᓂᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᓛᓕᕋᒥᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, ᓱᒐᓗᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᐃᒡᒐᓃᑦ, ᕿᒪᑦᑕᐅᓂᑰᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᑐᕐᓕᐅᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐃᓐᖏᓗᑦᑖᓲᕕᓃᑦ ᐅᑕᕐᕿᓂᕐᒥᓂ ᐊᖑᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᕆᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐃᓐᖏᓗᑦᑖᕈᓯᑐᖃᖅ ᐃᒣᓕᔪᖅ: ᒪᑦᑕᖅ ᑎᖓᐅᔮᕐᑐᑦ ᓂᐱᓐᖓᓲᖑᒐᒥ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᓄᑦ. ᔫᓯᐱ ᓇᑉᐹᓗᒃ, ᒪᑉᐱᑐᒐᖅ 139-ᒥ. ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐹᒥᒃ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᕐᓂᖃᓚᐅᔪᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᕈᓐᓇᓂᕋᕐᑕᕕᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ 100 ᐅᖓᑖᓅᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᓈᓯᒪᓕᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᐹᒥ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᓂᖃᓚᐅᕐᑐᕕᓕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᖏᔪᑲᓪᓚᒃ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖃᕐᓱᓂ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᐃᓗᕐᕈᓯᑐᖃᕐᑎᒎᑉᑐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓱᑯᐃᔦᓂᑎᒎᕐᑐᓂᒃ, ᐱᐅᓯᐅᓯᒪᔪᕐᑎᒎᕐᑐᓂᒃ, ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᓕᒫᒥ ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᓕᕆᓂᑎᒎᕐᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᓂᕐᑎᕆᔪᓕᒫᑎᒎᕐᑐᓂᒃ …
ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒧᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᕐᑕᓕᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᒍᑎᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᒃᑰᔫᓂᓗ. ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ ᓄᖕᖓ ᐃᖃᓗᒃ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᖅ, ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᐃᓅᓕᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᐅᕕᒐᕐᑑᕗᖅ ᐱᒍᓐᓇᑐᓪᓚᕆᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕐᓂᒥᒃ. ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᒍᓐᓇᑐᓪᓚᕆᐅᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᓕᐊᑦᑐᒪᕆᐅᓂᕐᒥᓂᓗ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕆᐊᒥ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓱᓂ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕈᓯᕐᓂᒃ. 2009-ᒥ, ᓄᖕᖓ ᐱᓇᓱᑦᑎᑖᕆᔭᐅᓚᐅᔪᕗᖅ ᐊᕙᑕᖅ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᓕᕆᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓐᖑᑎᑕᐅᑎᑦᓯᕕᖓᓐᓂ. ᑌᒪᓐᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᓐᖏᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᐊᕐᓯᒋᐅᕐᓴᑐᐊᐱᐅᓕᕐᑐᓅᓕᖓᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᑎᒍᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓕᐅᕐᐸᑐᖅ.
ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒧᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᕐᑕᓕᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᒍᑎᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᒃᑰᔫᓂᓗ. ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ ᓄᖕᖓ ᐃᖃᓗᒃ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᖅ, ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᐃᓅᓕᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᐅᕕᒐᕐᑑᕗᖅ ᐱᒍᓐᓇᑐᓪᓚᕆᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕐᓂᒥᒃ. ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᒍᓐᓇᑐᓪᓚᕆᐅᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᓕᐊᑦᑐᒪᕆᐅᓂᕐᒥᓂᓗ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕆᐊᒥ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓱᓂ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕈᓯᕐᓂᒃ. 2009-ᒥ, ᓄᖕᖓ ᐱᓇᓱᑦᑎᑖᕆᔭᐅᓚᐅᔪᕗᖅ ᐊᕙᑕᖅ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᓕᕆᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓐᖑᑎᑕᐅᑎᑦᓯᕕᖓᓐᓂ. ᑌᒪᓐᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᓐᖏᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᐊᕐᓯᒋᐅᕐᓴᑐᐊᐱᐅᓕᕐᑐᓅᓕᖓᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᑎᒍᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓕᐅᕐᐸᑐᖅ.
ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᒥ, ᓯᑕᒪᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᖑᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᑐᙯᑦ – ᐋᓚᓯ ᖁᖏᐊᖅ, ᓕᓯ ᐃᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒫᑕ ᑐᓂᖅ ᑲᖏᕐᓱᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐋᓚᓯ ᑯᐊᓐᓇᓈᖅ ᑐᑲᓚᒃ ᐳᕕᕐᓂᑐᕐᒥᐅᖅ – ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᔪᕗᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᐅᓯᕐᓂᒃ ᐱᓂᐊᕐᓂᖃᕈᓯᕐᓂᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓂᖓᓅᓕᖓᔪᓂᒃ.
ᑲᖏᕐᓱᐊᓗᑦᔪᐊᑉ ᓄᓇᓕᖓ ᑳᖏᕐᓱᐊᓗᑦᔪᐊᑉ ᑰᖓᑕ ᐹᖓᓃᑉᐳᖅ ᑰᓪᓗ ᐅᖓᕙᒧᑦ ᑰᑦᓱᓂ. ᑰᕈᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᖓ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᑉ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᑕ ᐅᐊᓐᓂᖓᓃᑉᐳᖅ, ᑖᕙᓐᓇᓗ ᑯᐯᓕᒫᒥ ᑭᖏᓐᓂᐹᑦᓯᐊᒥᒃ ᖃᕐᖃᕐᓱᓂ ᐊᑎᓕᒻᒥᒃ Mount Iberville-ᒥᒃ ᑑᕐᙰᑦ ᖃᕐᖄᓗᖏᓐᓃᑐᒥᒃ ᑰᕉᑉ ᑰᖓᑎᒎᕐᑐᒥᒃ.
ᑲᖏᕐᓱᐊᓗᑦᔪᐊᒥᐅᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᖃᑎᒌᑉᐳᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᑲᖏᕐᓱᐊᓗᑦᔪᐊᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓂᒥᐅᑦ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ, ᐅᖓᕙᒻᒥ ᑳᖏᕐᓱᐊᓗᑦᔪᐊᑉ ᑰᕉᓪᓗ ᑰᖏᓐᓃᑐᓂᒃ. ᑲᖏᕐᓱᐊᓗᑦᔪᐊᖅ ᑰᕈᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᐊᓃᑉᐳᖅ.
ᑰᑦᔪᐊᕌᐱᐅᑉ ᐅᒥᐅᔭᐅᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᓕᒋᒃ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᓯᑦᔭᖓᓃᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᕋᑕᕐᒥ ᓄᓇᒦᑉᐴᒃ ᑕᓯᖃᕐᒪᑦ, ᑰᖃᕐᓱᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑐᕐᓱᔪᕐᒥᒃ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᖃᕐᓱᓂ.
ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᑌᒪᓐᖓᓂᐊᐱᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᕐᑌᒫᒋᔭᖃᕐᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᓂᕐᓗᐊᕿᔪᖃᑦᓴᓂᕐᐸᑦ ᐊᕐᖁᓇᕐᑐᖃᑦᓴᓂᕐᐸᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᐊᑕᕕᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᑐᖃᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᒥᐅᓂᑦ, ᑲᖏᕐᓱᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᓂᑦ ᑰᑦᔪᐊᒥᐅᓂᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ, ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓕᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᓐᖏᑐᓂᒃ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓯᐅᕈᓯᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᑕᕐᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ.
ᐊᑐᐊᒐᐅᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᑌᒪᓐᖓᓂᐊᐱᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᕐᑌᒫᒋᔭᖃᕐᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᓂᕐᓗᐊᕿᔪᖃᑦᓴᓂᕐᐸᑦ ᐊᕐᖁᓇᕐᑐᖃᑦᓴᓂᕐᐸᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᐊᑕᕕᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᑐᖃᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᒥᐅᓂᑦ, ᑲᖏᕐᓱᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᓂᑦ ᑰᑦᔪᐊᒥᐅᓂᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ, ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓕᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᓐᖏᑐᓂᒃ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓯᐅᕈᓯᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᑕᕐᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐋᕐᖀᒐᓱᐊᕈᓰᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓯᒍᓐᓇᑐᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᕐᑎᓗᒍ ᐅᐃᒪᓇᕐᓯᔪᖃᑦᓴᓂᕐᐸᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓯᐅᕈᓯᖃᑦᔭᑎᓐᓇᒍ ᖃᓂᑦᑐᒥ. ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓕᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ 1990-ᐄᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓂ, ᒃᕆᔅᑕᕗ ᕝᓕᐊᑦᓱ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖃᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᐅᑉ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᓂᐅᓪᓗ ᒥᑦᓵᓅᓕᖓᔪᓂᒃ. ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᓂᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᒥᒃ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᓗᐊᓐᖑᐊᓲᒍᑦᓱᓂ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓂ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂ. ᐱᓇᓱᐊᓲᖓ …
ᑲᖏᕐᓱᔪᐊᑉ ᓄᓇᓕᖓ ᒥᑦᓵᓃᑦᑐᐃᓗ ᓄᓀᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐱᖑᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᖓ, ᐊᖏᔪᐊᓗᒻᒦᐳᑦ ᓄᓇᒥ, ᓄᓀᑦ ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖏᑦᑕ ᑌᒣᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᒥᓱᒻᒪᕆᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᓐᖏᑑᑦᓱᑎᓗ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᑕᓕᒃ.
1969-ᒥ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓐᖑᑎᑕᐅᓂᕕᓂᖓ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᐅᑉ ᐊᑎᓕᐅᑉ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑎᐅᑉ ᓇᐅᒃᑯᑎᖓ-ᒥᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᕕᓕᐅᑎᐅᓐᓂᖁᖅ ᓄᑖᒧᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᐅᓯᔪᒧᑦ : ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐹᖅ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓕᐊᕕᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᒍᑦᓱᓂ ᐃᓄᑐᐃᓐᓇᒧᑦ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓐᖑᑎᑕᐅᔪᕕᓂᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑑᕐᑎᓗᒍ.
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᐅᔪᕕᓂᖅ ᐊᒦᓖ ᒫᖕᓓ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕇᒍᑎᑖᕋᓱᐊᕈᑎᒋᑦᓱᓂᐅᒃ ᖁᓪᓕᓴᔭᕐᒥᒃ ᓴᒡᒐᒍᓯᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᒥᑦᓵᓅᓕᖓᑦᓱᓂ ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂᐊᓗᒃ ᑐᓂᙯᓐᓈᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓕᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔪᕕᓂᖅ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᒐᑎᒃ ᐊᑐᕐᑕᐅᒍᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖁᓪᓕᓴᔦᑦ ᖃᔭᕐᑕᓕᒻᒥ ᑮᓇᓐᖑᐊᑕᓕᒻᒥ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᖃᑎᒌᑦᑎᓯᑦᓱᓂᓗ ᑕᑯᖃᑦᑕᑕᕕᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓗ ᖁᓪᓕᓴᔭᕐᓂᐊᕕᐅᒻᒥᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᕐᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂᑦᓭᓇᒐᓛᒃ.
ᐊᑦᓱᐃᑐᒻᒪᕆᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᖅ ᐱᐅᓯᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑑᕐᓱᓂ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᕗᖅ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᒻᒪᕆᑦᑕᕕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᑦᔨᖑᐊᑐᖃᕐᓄᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑑᕐᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑑᕐᑐᓂᓪᓗ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᒍᑕᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᓄᓇᕕᐅᑉ ‘ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᕕᓂᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᑲᑕᑦᑐᕕᓂᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᖓᓂᓗ‘, ᐱᒋᐊᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ 1700-ᐄᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᑦᑕ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᒉᒻᔅ ᐯ ᑯᐯᒃ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓂᒥᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᑐᐃᓐᓇᕋᑕᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᑰᒥᒃ ᓯᒥᑦᑐᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ 1970-ᐄᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓂ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᐊᕕᑎᑦᓯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓪᓚᓂᓪᓗ ᑯᔩᓂᒃ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑲᑎᑎᑦᓯᓚᕿᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᑲᑐᑦᔨᓗᑎᒃ ᑯᐊᐸᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᑎᒌᓚᖓᓯᑎᓪᓗᒋᒃ.
ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᓯᒪᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓱᓂ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑑᕐᑎᓗᒍ ᐅᐃᒍᐃᑎᑑᓕᕐᑎᑕᕕᓂᕐᒥ, ᖁᒪᖅ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᑐᖅ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᒥᒃ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕐᒥᓅᓕᖓᓪᓚᕆᑦᑎᓗᒍ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᑦᓱᓂᓗ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᑕᕐᒥᒍᑦ, ᐅᖄᒐᒥ ᐊᓯᑦᔨᓂᒻᒪᕆᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ 1900-ᐄᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓂ.
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᖅ ᐅᖄᔪᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᒥ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᑐᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐱᖓᓱᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᕐᓂ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᕐᔪᐊᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑎᒌᑦᑎᓗᒋᑦ `ᑐᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ` ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖃᕐᑎᓗᒍ.
ᐊᑐᐊᒐᐅᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᓯᒪᔭᖓ ᐲᕐᑎᐅᑉ, ᐲᕐᑎᐅ ᐃᑦᓯᒐᕐᔪᐊᑯᑦ ᐊᔪᕿᕐᑐᐃᔨᖁᑎᕕᓂᖓ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᖓ 50 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓃᓯᒪᓂᖓ. Fifty Years Below Zero ᑐᕃᓐᓇᓯᐊᕐᓱᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓱᒪᒍᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᓄᕐᓗ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᒥᒃ. 50-ᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᑐᓂ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᔨᓂᒻᒪᕆᒦᑦᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥᐅᖑᓯᑐᐊᕋᒥᒃ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᐱᐊᓪᔭᒻ-ᒥᐅᒍᑦᓱᓂ ᐃᑦᓯᒐᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐅᖄᔪᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᔨᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᑦᑕᑐᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᓯᐊᕐᓱᓂᓗ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᓵᓐᖓᒋᐊᖃᖃᑦᑕᑕᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᖄᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᕐᑕᑐᒥᐅᑦ. ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓕᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ Raymonde Haché (ᕆᒨᓐ ᖄᓰ), New Brunswick-ᒥᐅᔭᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᖅ …
ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᓯᒪᔭᖓ ᐲᕐᑎᐅᑉ, ᐲᕐᑎᐅ ᐃᑦᓯᒐᕐᔪᐊᑯᑦ ᐊᔪᕿᕐᑐᐃᔨᖁᑎᕕᓂᖓ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᖓ 50 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓃᓯᒪᓂᖓ.
ᐊᑎᕆᔭᐅᓐᖑᐊᑎᑕᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᐱᓯᑎᒻᒪᕆᒻᒧᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᕐᒥ, ᓴᓈᖅ, ᓲᖑᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᕗᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᖃᑦᓯᐊᓱᓂᓗ ᐊᕐᓇᐅᓱᓂ ᐆᒻᒪᑎᒥᒍᑦ ᐊᑦᑐᑕᐅᒍᐊᕐᑑᓱᓂ ᓂᑲᓀᑦᑐᒪᕆᐅᑦᓱᓂᓗ.
ᒪᕐᕈᐃᒃ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓐᖑᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔫᒃ ᑐᑭᓯᓐᓇᑎᑦᓯᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᓐᖏᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᐲᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᕐᑕᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᑑᒪᓯ ᑲᓪᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᖃᑦᑕᑕᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ.
ᒪᕐᕈᐃᒃ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓐᖑᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔫᒃ ᑐᑭᓯᓐᓇᑎᑦᓯᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᓐᖏᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᐲᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᕐᑕᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᑑᒪᓯ ᑲᓪᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓪᓚᖑᐊᖃᑦᑕᑕᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ.
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᖅ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᒥ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᑐᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑎᓗᒍ ᒨᕆᐊᓪ ᓇᑭ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕇᒍᑎᑖᕋᓱᐊᕐᓱᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᕐᔪᐊᒥ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖃᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐃᕗᔨᕕᒃ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᕙᑕᖅ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᓕᕆᕕᒃ ᐃᕗᔨᕕᒻᒥᐅᓗ.
1983-ᒥ ᑲᑎᕐᓱᑕᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᔮᓇᑕᓐ ᔅᑏᕕᓐᔅ-ᒧᑦ, ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓯᐅᑎᒋᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᐅᖄᔪᖅ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓯᐅᕐᓂᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᐅᓯᒋᔭᐅᔪᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᓄᐊᑕᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᖁᓕᓪᓗ ᐱᖓᓱᓪᓘᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂᑦ.
1985 ᐅᐱᕐᖓᓴᖓᓂ, ᐊᐱᕐᓱᓂᕕᓂᖅ ᓇᓪᓕᑳᕐᑕᕕᓂᖅ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐹᒧᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᒨᕐᑕᐅᓛᕐᑎᓗᒍ ᐊᕙᑕᖅ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᓕᕆᕕᒻᒧᑦ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᑕᕕᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᒍᐃᓕ ᑯᐸ, ᑰᑦᔪᐊᒥᐅᒍᑦᓱᓂ ᐃᓄᑐᖃᖅ. ᑖᓐᓇᑐᐊᑦᓯᐊᖑᕐᖂᑐᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᓕᒫᖓᑕ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᒍᐃᓕ ᒪᙯᑦᑎᐅᓱᓂ ᐃᓅᒍᓐᓀᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ 1986-ᒥ.
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᖅ ᓀᓈᕐᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᖅ ᑭᓪᓕᓂᐅᑉ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᓯᒪᔭᖓᓂᒃ, ᑭᓪᓕᓂᖅ ᓇᔪᕐᑕᐅᖄᓚᐅᕐᓂᒪᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ 100-ᒍᓈᕐᑎᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᕐᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᓪᓗ ᐅᐸᑦᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᒥᐅᔭᓄᑦ 1587 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ.
“ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕕᓂᑦᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᒐᑦᑕ ᐊᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓀᑦ, ᑕᓰᑦ, ᖃᕐᙯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑭᕐᑌᑦ, ᑌᒣᒐᑦᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᑎᑦᓯᒋᐊᖃᕐᐳᒍᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᑦᑎᓂᒃ ᓱᓇᐅᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐅᕕᒃᑲᑎᓐᓂᒃ.” ᑌᒣᓕᔪᕕᓂᖅ ᓵᒧᐃᓕ ᐋᓇᖃᑕᒃ ᑲᖏᕐᓱᒥᐅᖅ ᓇᓗᓀᕐᓯᓕᕋᒥ ᐱᔭᑦᓴᓕᐊᖑᔪᕕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᕕᓂᐅᑦᓱᓂ 1983-ᒥᑦ 1987-ᒧᑦ : ᑲᑎᕐᓱᐃᓂᖃᕐᑎᓗᒍ ᓄᓀᑦ ᐊᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᖁᓕᓪᓗ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓘᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂᑦ.
